Federal Compact as Philosophical Declaration (Replaced)

Previous versions included a Federal Compact clause in Article 1 declaring federalism a basic structure element. This was identified as legally redundant — the Supreme Court already established in Kesavananda Bharati (1973) [@cite_kesavananda_1973] and S. R. Bommai (1994) [@cite_bommai_1994] that federalism is a basic structure element. A declaration of what the Court has already held adds no new legal protection.

Replaced by: Article 246-A — a specific, bounded, justiciable Federal Equity provision creating a concrete judicial remedy for the concrete scenario southern states actually face: Parliament systematically disadvantaging their fiscal or representational position without state consent. (See Appendix A for the draft text.)